Rᵢ = mi,produit / mi,alimentationmᵢ: mass of l element i; Rᵢ: recovery.
Use when: Specify the useful product and include the other outputs in the overall assessment.
The copper–cobalt water-jacket furnace
Identify reduction, phase separation and wall cooling.
What is happening?
A Water Jacket furnace combines a downward charge, a gas supply and cooled walls. The chemistry of the feed and the atmosphere guide the distribution of metals between metallic, possible sulfide and slag phases.
The water circuit concerns the cooling walls, not an addition of water to a molten bath. A Cu–Co balance tracks each element in all relevant phases and dusts.
The formulas, with their conditions.
Q̇refroidissement = ṁeau cₚ ΔTṁ: kg/s ; cₚ: J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹ ; ΔT: K ; Q̇: W.
Use when: Assessment of the water circuit in steady state, excluding change of state.
Where is this principle used?
Copper–cobalt pyrometallurgical plant
Study the distribution of metal in the products of a shaft furnace.
Thermal equipment engineering
Monitor cooling and energy balance.
What to observe in the experiment
Distinguish between load and cooling flows, then calculate the recovery of a single metal over a chosen perimeter.
References and readings
This sheet explains the principles and their assumptions. Educational simulation can simplify the process; an industrial model requires suitable data and validation.
Have you understood the essentials?
Only one correct answer per question. Answer all three questions, then view the answer key.
Intu Lab · Understanding sheet · Kimba Christian