V_galerie = A × LA: cross-sectional area in m²; L: length in m; V_galerie: in-situ m³.
Simplified constant section; add segments for a variable section.
Mining · CourseUnderground mining: development, ground support and handling
Understand underground mine functions and connect development advance, excavation volumes and the LHD–truck chain to available services.
← Back to the simulationScientific principles
An underground mine includes access, roadways, levels, stopes and escape routes. Choosing a decline, shaft or combination depends on the deposit and project. This practical represents an ideal rectangular roadway; it assesses neither roof stability, pillars nor a real extraction method.
Development must coordinate rock-mass observation, excavation, scaling and specialist-designed ground support. Services follow the advance: ventilation, dewatering, power, lighting, communication and emergency arrangements. A checked box illustrates a dependency; only competent verification can establish compliance at a real workplace.
The LHD loads, hauls over a short distance and dumps. An underground truck or another transport system then takes over. Throughput depends on bucket size, fill factor, loose bulk density, cycle time and downstream capacity. Respect the nominal payload selected in the scenario.
In a roadway, walls, low lighting, the bucket and cab structure restrict visibility. The operator view compares direct sight and a camera without reproducing manufacturer training. Diesel emissions, dust, heat and water are linked constraints: production is more than moving tonnes.
Equations, units and conditions
M = V_galerie × ρ_en_placeM: t; ρ_en_place: t/m³.
Do not apply loose bulk density to an in-situ volume.
q_godet = min(V_godet × f × ρ_foisonnée, q_max)V_godet: m³; f: fill factor as a fraction; ρ_foisonnée: loose bulk density in t/m³; q_godet and q_max: t.
The minimum prevents exceeding the scenario payload; bucket geometry is simplified.
P_LHD = q_godet × (60 / t_cycle) × a × ut_cycle: min; a: availability; u: utilization; P_LHD: t/h.
Compare against downstream throughput and avoid counting delays twice.
Applications
Development roadway
Compare advance, volume and service needs in fictional workings.
LHD–truck chain
Connect bucket payload, cycle time and main haulage capacity.
Underground equipment workshop
Match drill jumbo, bolter, pump, fan and communication network to their functions.
What to observe in the simulation
Change section, length and bulk density. Compare in-situ volume with a bucket load of loose rock. Remove a service in the scenario and explain why theoretical throughput cannot authorize work.