Ph = ρ g Q HPh: W; ρ: kg/m³; g: m/s²; Q: m³/s ; H: m of net fall.
Use when: Permanent regime; use the fall after hydraulic losses.
Kaplan turbine
Link head height, flow rate and useful hydraulic power.
What is happening?
A Kaplan turbine is a reaction turbine, with mainly axial flow. The settings of the distributor and the adjustable blades adapt the operation to the head and flow.
The efficiency compares the power obtained to the hydraulic power available. The best operating point depends on the type of impeller, speed and settings: maximum flow does not automatically ensure the best performance.
The formulas, with their conditions.
Putile = η ρ g Q Hη: dimensionless overall efficiency.
Use when: Define whether the useful power is mechanical or electrical, and use the corresponding efficiency.
Where is this principle used?
Hydroelectric power station
Rather low falls and high flow rates: run-of-river power station or low head dam.
Turbomachinery industry
Sizing and controlling production groups.
What to observe in the experiment
Compare the blade and distributor settings for different flow rates.
References and readings
This sheet explains the principles and their assumptions. Educational simulation can simplify the process; an industrial model requires suitable data and validation.
Have you understood the essentials?
Only one correct answer per question. Answer all three questions, then view the answer key.
Intu Lab · Understanding sheet · Kimba Christian