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Counter-current decantation · CCD

Residue washing circuit

Underflows: solids + entrained liquid →. Overflows: washing solution ←. The dissolved metal mainly comes out in rich solution (PLS) on stage 1; the last stage evacuates the washed residues.

Concentrations dissolved in each stage
FloorCu (g/L)Co (g/L)Free acid (g/L)

Select a thickener on the diagram

Assumptions and reference

Perfect mixing dynamic model, with 100 m³ of liquid per stage, without additional precipitation or dissolution. Start with clean water. Solids are assumed to be perfectly retained; the fines, the torque of the rakes, the sludge bed and the solids transport times are not simulated. The concentrations are those of the liquid, not the solid contents. Cumulative recovery takes into account the metal still present in the circuit: it differs from steady state recovery.

The flocculant acts on the solid–liquid separation, not directly on the dissolved metal balance; its titration is not predicted here.

Metso · Principle of CCD circuits
Understand this experimentCourses & quizzes

Understand: Wash CCD residue

Understand backwashing and recovery of entrained solute.

A CCD cascade circulates solids and wash water in opposite directions. The cleanest liquid meets the solids which leave the circuit, while the more charged solutions return upstream.

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