Dissolved metal at the cathode
Live Adaptive Steering
Bath production and depletion
Material balance · kg
Campaign Journal
Assumptions and limitations of the model
The ten recipes are representative training scenarios, not factory instructions. Faraday's law with preserved inventories, transport limitation, apparent co-deposition, ohmic drop and simplified heat balance. Yield, conductivity, overvoltages and quality are educational correlations, without industrial calibration.
The pH is a setpoint maintained by external conditioning; acid/base doses and buffer species are not resolved. The acidity monitored is an H₂SO₄ equivalent, including in the nitrate scenario; it does not allow the pH to be deduced. Fe/Mn/Mg remain in solution; passivation, precipitation and redox cycles of iron are not resolved. Soluble anodes are idealized pure. No chloride or NOₓ chemistry; the Watts bath requires a soluble anode. The gas volumes are reduced to 0 °C, 1 atm. The thickness is a compact average, not very representative of silver crystals.
Numerical simulation only. The bubbles visualize the calculated gas reactions; aqueous colors are indicative and do not represent exact complexes.