Fe₂O₃ + 3 CO → 2 Fe + 3 CO₂Simplified overall carbon monoxide reduction assessment.
Use when: The actual furnace has several intermediate oxides and reactions.
From iron ore to pig iron
Understand reduction, counter-current and cast iron–slag separation.
What is happening?
The blast furnace brings into contact a descending charge and ascending gases. Iron oxides are gradually reduced; the coke contributes to the production of reducing gas, to the heat and to the mechanical strength of the bed.
Liquid cast iron contains carbon in particular and is different from finished steel. A slag brings together part of the gangue and the constituents of the fluxes; its role is distinct from that of metal.
The formulas, with their conditions.
mFe contenu = mminerai × teneurFeMasses in the same unit; Fe content in fraction.
Use when: The metal produced also requires a recovery and cast iron composition assessment.
Where is this principle used?
Integrated steel complex
Produce cast iron which then supplies the steelworks.
Thermal process engineering
Study reactive beds and counter-current exchanges.
What to observe in the experiment
Monitor solid charge, gases, cast iron and slag separately. Explain why cast iron must be further refined to become a given steel.
References and readings
This sheet explains the principles and their assumptions. Educational simulation can simplify the process; an industrial model requires suitable data and validation.
Have you understood the essentials?
Only one correct answer per question. Answer all three questions, then view the answer key.
Intu Lab · Understanding sheet · Kimba Christian