Charging and settings
Fictitious campaign of a preheated oven. The finished charge descends towards the reduction and fusion zones; This inventory model does not represent continuous industrial loading.
Ore: 85% Fe₂O₃, 15% gangue; coke: 90% C, 10% ash; limestone: 90% CaCO₃, 10% gangue.
Instrumented oven · named zones
Crucible temperature and cast iron production
Reactions followed
Adaptive driving
The identifier learns an apparent thermal response from this campaign and proposes the wind temperature. The automation is limited to 800–1300°C and gradually adjusts the control. No pre-trained neural network or real installation control.
Campaign reports
Operator log
Model and references
Conservative stocks and stoichiometry: C/Fe/O/Ca balance. Global reduction of Fe₂O₃ by CO, without separate magnetite/wüstite resolution. Net CO production by 2 C + O₂ → 2 CO, decarbonation CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂ and carburization at 4% C. Cast iron can be cast above the driving threshold of 1,250 °C; this threshold is not a calculated liquidus. No calculation of steel refining.
Four-zone thermal responses, kinetics, 12 MJ/K inertia, losses, and rate of descent are apparent and uncalibrated. No multi-component balance, CFD, real pressure or slag composition is calculated. The inerts are counted as slag potential. The nitrogen from the wind passes through the oven and is excluded from the reaction balance displayed. Heat is approximated; the complete industrial heat balance is not resolved. Effects of unresolved local H₂, PCI, Si/Mn/P/S and Boudouard.
steeluniversity · blast furnace and raw materials · NPTEL · blast furnace charge · National Iron & Steel Heritage Museum · process